Football formations explained: 4-4-2, 4-3-3 and more
When you see a line-up written as 4-3-3 or 4-4-2, the numbers describe how a team spreads its ten outfield players across the pitch. The goalkeeper is not counted.
Reading the numbers
The first number is the defenders, the last is the forwards, and the numbers in between are the midfielders. So 4-4-2 is four defenders, four midfielders and two forwards, and 4-3-3 is four defenders, three midfielders and three forwards.
Common formations
4-4-2 is a classic shape with two banks of four and two strikers. It is balanced and simple. 4-3-3 uses a trio in midfield and three attackers, often a centre-forward with a winger on each side. It is common for teams that want to keep the ball and press high.
3-5-2 and 3-4-3 use three central defenders with wing-backs, who run along the sideline and defend and attack. These shapes can be strong in the middle but depend on the wing-backs' energy.
Formations change during a match
A formation is a starting point. Teams often defend in one shape and attack in another, and a coach may change the shape with substitutions. A 4-3-3 can become a 4-5-1 without the ball.
Where to see them
On ScoreHub's line-ups tab, you can see each team's shape laid out on the pitch, with the players' numbers and, after the match, their ratings.